Flora-Fauna

Rumex crispus L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 335 (1753).

(Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie, vol. 1, p. 390, Pl. CXXVIII, 3; 1966)

• Life-form & habit: Perennial with a short rhizome and a stout, erect, angled, hairless stem, 30–100 cm tall, usually flushed reddish brown, simple or branched.

• Leaves: Basal leaves stalked, firm and somewhat thick, pointed and hairless, reaching 10–12 × 3 cm, with strongly wavy, crisped margins. Stem leaves progressively smaller, the uppermost linear.

• Inflorescence & flowers: Many-flowered whorls, usually dense and touching, form a loose or compact panicle leafy at its base. Fruiting stalks slender and jointed above the middle.

• Fruit: Fruiting valves heart-shaped, rounded or oval, 3.5–5 mm long and about 4 mm wide, blunt, net-veined, entire or shortly toothed near the base; each bears a swollen callosity.

• Phenology: April–July.

• Habitat & elevation: Woods, gardens and stream margins.

• Lebanese distribution: Hemi plateau between Jabal ej Jaj and Jabal Jrid, Ehmej, Zahle Pass, Dimane and Chtaura.

• Syrian distribution: North of Bloudane, Hassakeh, Khabab and north of Qneitra.

• Recorded locations: Kornet el Hamra.

• Native range: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Central European Russia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Corse, Cyprus, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Kuril Is., Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Magadan, Manchuria, Mongolia, Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Tuva, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yakutiya.

• Introduced into: Alabama, Alaska, Alberta, Amur, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Bahamas, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, Buryatiya, California, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Crozet Is., Cuba, Delaware, Desventurados Is., District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, Easter Is., Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Is., Fiji, Florida, Free State, Føroyar, Galápagos, Georgia, Guatemala, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Iowa, Jamaica, Japan, Juan Fernández Is., Kansas, Kentucky, Kenya, Kerguelen, KwaZulu-Natal, Leeward Is., Lesotho, Louisiana, Macquarie Is., Maine, Malaya, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Mozambique, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, Newfoundland, Nicaragua, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, North Dakota, Northern Provinces, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Panamá, Pennsylvania, Peru, Prince Edward I., Puerto Rico, Québec, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Réunion, Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, South Georgia, Sri Lanka, St.Helena, Sudan-South Sudan, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Tristan da Cunha, Tubuai Is., Uruguay, Utah, Venezuela, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yukon, Zambia, Zimbabwe.