Family |
Papaveraceae
Papaver dubium
L.
Papaver dubium L.
First published in Sp. Pl.: 1196 (1753).
(Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie, vol. 2, pp. 66–67, Pl. XXVI, 3; 1970)
Description
Life-form & habit: Annual with one or several stems, 20–80 cm tall; stems hairless or bearing spreading or appressed hairs.
Leaves: Green to glaucous, variably hairy or hairless; basal leaves pinnately lobed or divided into oval, incised segments.
Inflorescence & flowers: Flowers nod before opening, becoming erect at flowering. Petals often light red but sometimes bright red. Stamens numerous; anthers violet-black, oblong or nearly spherical.
Fruit: Capsule with 4–10 stigmas. The disc lobes are separate or only slightly overlap; at maturity the somewhat raised disc resembles a toothed wheel. Mouterde considers the distinct disc lobes more reliable than petal colour or stem hairiness for identification.
Flowering and habitat
Phenology: March–July.
Habitat & elevation: Fields and coastal sands.
Distribution
Lebanese distribution: Tyre and Beirut, excluding the records separately assigned by Mouterde to var. laevigatum.
Syrian distribution: Homs, Aleppo, Ain Halakim and Qaldoun, excluding his var. laevigatum records.
Recorded locations: Bqaatouta.
Native range: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Gulf States, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, Northwest European Russia, NW. Balkan Pen., Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, South European Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, West Himalaya, Yemen.
Introduced into: Alabama, Altay, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arkansas, Bermuda, Central European Russia, Chile South, Connecticut, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, Falkland Is., Finland, Great Britain, Greenland, Illinois, India, Ireland, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Brunswick, New Jersey, New South Wales, New York, North Carolina, North European Russia, Norway, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., South Australia, South Carolina, Sweden, Tasmania, Tennessee, Uruguay, Virginia, West Virginia.
⚠️ Taxonomic note:
Mouterde places Papaver carmeli in doubtful synonymy and distinguishes var. laevigatum. These names and the latter’s separate locality records are not treated here as verified synonyms of the current Kew species.