Family |
Juglandaceae
Juglans regia
L.
Juglans regia L.
First published in Sp. Pl.: 997 (1753).
(Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie, vol. 1, p. 355, Pl. CXVI, 2; 1966)
Description
Life-form & habit: Deciduous tree 10–25 m tall, with grey bark that remains smooth for many years, knotted grey branches and shining buds.
Leaves: Large, aromatic and pinnate, with opposite leaflets and a terminal leaflet. Leaflets green on both surfaces and nearly hairless, apart from small tufts beneath at the secondary-vein axils.
Inflorescence & flowers: Male flowers in lateral catkins, each with 6–30 stamens. Female flowers usually in short spikes of 1–3 at the ends of young shoots.
Fruit: A hard-shelled walnut enclosed by a fleshy, strongly aromatic husk, green at first and turning black; the shell has an uneven surface.
Flowering and habitat
Phenology: Flowering April–May.
Habitat & elevation: Calcareous ground and mountain woodland; also widely cultivated.
Distribution
Lebanese distribution: Qamoua forest and Fnaidek; widely cultivated throughout Lebanon.
Syrian distribution: Widely cultivated, notably in the Ghouta of Damascus.
Native range: Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Transcaucasus, Türkiye, West Himalaya.
Introduced into: Albania, Algeria, Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Cyprus, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East Himalaya, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, Laos, Libya, Madeira, Mexico Southwest, Morocco, Nepal, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Oman, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam.