Family |
Rubiaceae
Galium aparine
L.
Galium aparine L.
(First published in Sp. Pl.: 108 (1753); Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie, vol. 3, Pl. CLVII nº 3; 1983)
• Life-form & habit : Annual herb, 50–100 cm tall; stems somewhat thick, more or less swollen at the nodes, scrambling or clinging, with retrorse prickles typical of the species group.
• Leaves : Leaves in whorls of 6–10, oblanceolate-linear, 3–6 cm long.
• Inflorescence & flowers : Axillary peduncles longer than the leaves; flowers hermaphrodite, white, very small, about 1 mm or slightly more in diameter.
• Fruit : Mericarps 2–3 mm, densely covered with hooked hairs, dilated at the base.
• Phenology : Flowers from February to May.
• Habitat & elevation : Fields, hedges and cultivated ground; recorded from the coastal belt, lower and middle mountain belts, eastern slope of Lebanon and Mediterranean continental localities.
• Lebanese distribution : Recorded by Mouterde from Beyrouth, Tripoli, Bikfaya, the Cedars, Mdeireje, Ouadi-el-‘Arayech and Chtaura.
• Native range : Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Canary Is., Central European Russia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Corse, Cyprus, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Gulf States, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Manchuria, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Selvagens, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Tunisia, Tuva, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Yakutiya.
• Introduced range : Alabama, Alaska, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Bermuda, Bolivia, British Columbia, Burundi, California, Cape Verde, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Crozet Is., Delaware, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, DR Congo, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Florida, Føroyar, Georgia, Greenland, Haiti, Hawaii, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Japan, Juan Fernández Is., Kamchatka, Kansas, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Labrador, Louisiana, Magadan, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexican Pacific Is., Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Nigeria, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ogasawara-shoto, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Peru, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Sakhalin, Saskatchewan, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, Svalbard, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Tristan da Cunha, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.